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czardom$18657$ - translation to german
![Ivan Fyodorov]] and [[Pyotr Mstislavets]], one of the first Russian printed books](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apostol 1564 Frontispis.jpg?width=200 "Ivan Fyodorov]] and [[Pyotr Mstislavets]], one of the first Russian printed books")
![[[Ivan the Great Bell Tower]], raised to the present height during the reign of [[Boris Godunov]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clocher d'Ivan le Grand.jpg?width=200 "[[Ivan the Great Bell Tower]], raised to the present height during the reign of [[Boris Godunov]]")
![Portrait of Russian diplomat and [[voivode]] [[Pyotr Potemkin]] by [[Godfrey Kneller]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Godfrey Kneller - Portrait of P.Potemkin (1682, Hermitage) - contrast.jpg?width=200 "Portrait of Russian diplomat and [[voivode]] [[Pyotr Potemkin]] by [[Godfrey Kneller]]")
![Ivan IV of Russia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ivans ivory throne.jpg?width=200 "Ivan IV of Russia]]")
![Poles]] surrender the [[Moscow Kremlin]] to [[Prince Pozharsky]] in 1612. Painting by [[Ernst Lissner]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lissner.jpg?width=200 "Poles]] surrender the [[Moscow Kremlin]] to [[Prince Pozharsky]] in 1612. Painting by [[Ernst Lissner]]")
![Alexis]] in the [[Cathedral of the Archangel]]. Painting by [[Alexander Litovchenko]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PhilipandNikon.jpg?width=200 "Alexis]] in the [[Cathedral of the Archangel]]. Painting by [[Alexander Litovchenko]]")
![[[Nativity Church at Putinki]], an example of the 17th-century Russian [[uzorochye]] style](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Putinki.jpg?width=200 "[[Nativity Church at Putinki]], an example of the 17th-century Russian [[uzorochye]] style")
![Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667]]. The drawing is based on the pieces preserved in the [[Kremlin Armoury]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Russian clothes Soln.jpeg?width=200 "Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667]]. The drawing is based on the pieces preserved in the [[Kremlin Armoury]].")
![[[Vasily Surikov]]: ''Yermak's Conquest of Siberia'' (1895)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Surikov Pokoreniye Sibiri Yermakom.jpg?width=200 "[[Vasily Surikov]]: ''Yermak's Conquest of Siberia'' (1895)")
![[[Andrei Ryabushkin]]: ''Tsar Michael at the Session of the [[Boyar Duma]]'' (1893)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tsar boyar duma.jpg?width=200 "[[Andrei Ryabushkin]]: ''Tsar Michael at the Session of the [[Boyar Duma]]'' (1893)")
![Herberstein]], 1549](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herberstein-Moscovia.jpg?width=200 "Herberstein]], 1549")
![Mercator]], 1595](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Russia Mercator 1595.jpg?width=200 "Mercator]], 1595")
![Mercator]], [[Atlas Cosmographicae]], 1596](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Atlas_Cosmographicae_%28Mercator%29_099.jpg?width=200 "Mercator]], [[Atlas Cosmographicae]], 1596")
![''Russia vulgo Moscovia'', [[Atlas Maior]], 1645](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blaeu 1645 - Russiæ vulgo Moscovia pars australis.jpg?width=200 "''Russia vulgo Moscovia'', [[Atlas Maior]], 1645")
.svg?width=200 "'''Standard of the Tsar of Russia''' (1693–1700)")
!['''Naval ensign of the Imperial Russian Navy''' (1697–1699)[http://www.vexillographia.ru/russia/EmpirFlt.htm vexillographia.ru] and '''civil ensign of Russia''' (from 1705)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Russia.svg?width=200 "'''Naval ensign of the Imperial Russian Navy''' (1697–1699)[http://www.vexillographia.ru/russia/EmpirFlt.htm vexillographia.ru] and '''civil ensign of Russia''' (from 1705)")
![Andreevsky]] Flag of 1712](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Russian Navy (Krepost) 1699-1700.svg?width=200 "Andreevsky]] Flag of 1712")
!['''Naval jack of the Imperial Russian Navy''' (from 1700)[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru~xviii.html#1700j www.crwflags.com]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naval Jack of Russia.svg?width=200 "'''Naval jack of the Imperial Russian Navy''' (from 1700)[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru~xviii.html#1700j www.crwflags.com]")
![Reception of the Tsar of Russia in the [[Moscow Kremlin]], by [[Ivan Makarov]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emperor by Ivan Makarov.jpg?width=200 "Reception of the Tsar of Russia in the [[Moscow Kremlin]], by [[Ivan Makarov]]")
![Crowning of [[Stefan Dušan]], [[Emperor of the Serbs]], as tsar, by [[Paja Jovanović]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paja Jovanović-Krunisanje Cara Dušana.jpg?width=200 "Crowning of [[Stefan Dušan]], [[Emperor of the Serbs]], as tsar, by [[Paja Jovanović]]")
![Dušan]] of Serbia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan, cropped.jpg?width=200 "Dušan]] of Serbia")
![[[Mostich]]'s [[epitaph]] uses the title ''tsar'' (outlined): "Here lies Mostich who was [[ichirgu-boil]] during the reigns of Tsar Simeon and Tsar Peter. At the age of eighty he forsook the rank of ichirgu boila and all of his possessions and became a monk. And so ended his life." (Museum of Preslav)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The inscription of Mostich.JPG?width=200 "[[Mostich]]'s [[epitaph]] uses the title ''tsar'' (outlined): \"Here lies Mostich who was [[ichirgu-boil]] during the reigns of Tsar Simeon and Tsar Peter. At the age of eighty he forsook the rank of ichirgu boila and all of his possessions and became a monk. And so ended his life.\" (Museum of Preslav)")
![Emperor of Russia]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tsar Nicholas II -1898.jpg?width=200 "Emperor of Russia]].")
Definition
Wikipedia
The Tsardom of Russia (Russian: Русское царство, romanized: Russkoye tsarstvo), also known as the Russian Tsardom or simply Tsardom of Rus', Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.
From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
